Vaccine Development Strategies against SARS-CoV-2

In December 2019, a virus detected in China caused Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2), rapidly spread worldwide, leading to the implementation of quarantine measures in various parts of the world for several months. By affecting the lung cells, this virus has caused acute respiratory problems and numerous deaths. In response, scientists focused on developing vaccines to prevent the disease and reduce the rates of death and hospitalization. Despite the numerous challenges in vaccine production, scientists successfully developed and released different vaccines with acceptable effectiveness in 2020 and subsequent years. This review examines the various strategies used for vaccine production for COVID-19 disease and provides examples of vaccines associated with each strategy.